和敬渊;王新杰;王开;郭韦韦;刘丽;王福增;

• 1:北京林业大学林学院
• 2:中国科学院植物研究所北方资源植物重点实验室
• 3:汪清林业局金沟岭林场

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】运用林分空间结构参数多元分布,系统描述和分析金沟岭林场两种起源(造林失败地天然更新和火灾迹地天然更新)的杨桦次生林林分空间结构特征,为森林经营管理和林分结构优化调整提供有力手段,以期促进林分演替。【方法】每木调查和空间定位6块样地(面积均为30 m×30 m)的林木。利用RStudio forestSAS包计算各样地的空间结构参数,包括角尺度、大小比数、混交度和密集度,统计各起源的频率分布,运用Origin 2018建立结构参数的多元分布图。【结果】杨桦次生林的零元分布表明,两种林分整体呈聚集分布、混交较好的中庸生长状态,而起源Ⅱ较起源Ⅰ密集;一元分布表明,林分内大多数林木呈混交良好、密集或很密集、各大小比数等级占比相近的随机分布。分树种来看,起源Ⅰ中,山杨生长发育良好,绝大多数处于优势及亚优势生长状态;白桦、水曲柳和枫桦整体上均大致处于中庸生长状态。起源Ⅱ中,山杨和白桦优势木多,劣势木少,总体生长发育良好。二至四元分布表明,结构参数的各种组合下,林木大多表现为混交良好或随机分布状态。【结论】相较于传统的利用结构参数零元分布和一元分布描述林分空间结构,运用多元分布描述杨桦次生林林分结构特征是对其经营管理和结构优化的有效方法,蕴含的信息更为丰富和清晰。同时,也是具有可操作性的采伐木遴选方法。

关键词(KeyWords)： 杨桦次生林;林分结构;多元分布

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划(2017YFC050410101)

作者(Author): 和敬渊;王新杰;王开;郭韦韦;刘丽;王福增;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]安慧君.阔叶红松林空间结构研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2003.An H J. Study on the spatial structure of the boradleaved Korean pine forest[D]. Beijing:Beijing Forestry University, 2003.
• [2]亢新刚.森林经理学[M]. 4版.北京:中国林业出版社, 2011:334.Kang X G. Forest management[M]. 4th ed. Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House, 2011:334.
• [3]魏普杰,孙兵,胡胜科,等.江汉平原南岳山森林公园植物多样性分析与空间结构特征[J].河北大学学报(自然科学版), 2019,39(6):643-651.Wei P J, Sun B, Hu S K, et al. Plant diversity analysis and spatial structure characteristics of Nanyue Mountain Forest Park in Jianghan Plain[J]. Journal of Hebei University(Natural Science Edition), 2019, 39(6):643-651.
• [4]毛沂新,张慧东,王睿照,等.辽东山区原始阔叶红松林主要树种空间结构特征[J].应用生态学报, 2019, 30(9):2933-2940.Mao Y X, Zhang H D, Wang R Z, et al. Spatial structure characteristics of the main tree species in a mixed boradleaved Korean pine forest in a mountainous area of eastern Liaoning Province, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019,30(9):2933-2940.
• [5]孙清芳,刘滨凡,马燕娥.山河屯林业局红松阔叶混交林林分空间结构特征[J].森林工程, 2019, 35(6):1-5.Sun Q F, Liu B F, Ma Y E. Spatial structure characteristics of Pinus koraiensis mixed broadleaved forest in Shanhetun Forestry Bureau[J]. Forest Engineering, 2019, 35(6):1-5.
• [6]王伟平,王玉杰,李绍才,等.四川盆周山地5种典型林分的空间结构对比分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报, 2020, 40(2):43-53.Wang W P, Wang Y J, Li S C, et al. A comparative analysis of spatial structure of five typical forests in mountainous areas of Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology, 2020, 40(2):43-53.
• [7]李远发.林分空间结构参数二元分布的研究[D].北京：中国林业科学研究院, 2013.Li Y F. The bivariate distribution of forest stand spatial structural parameters[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2013.
• [8]梁文俊,魏曦,赵伟文,等.基于二元分布空间结构参数的林分结构研究[J].河南农业大学学报, 2018, 52(4):540-544.Liang W J, Wei X, Zhao W W, et al. Stand structure based on binary distribution spatial structure parameters[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 2018, 52(4):540-544.
• [9]白超.空间结构参数及其在锐齿栎天然林结构动态分析中的应用[D].北京：中国林业科学研究院, 2016.Bai C. Spatial structural parameters and the application on studying structure dynamics of natural Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata forest[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2016.
• [10]吴晓永,杨华,吕延杰,等.云杉-白桦混交林结构特征分析[J].北京林业大学学报, 2019, 41(1):64-72.Wu X Y, Yang H, LüY J, et al. Analysis of structure characteristics in Pieca asperata-Betula platyphylla mixed forests[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41(1):64-72.
• [11]张岗岗,刘瑞红,惠刚盈,等.林分空间结构参数N元分布及其诠释：以小陇山锐齿栎天然混交林为例[J].北京林业大学学报, 2019, 41(4):21-31.Zhang G G, Liu R H, Hui G Y, et al. N-variate distribution and its annotation on forest spatial structural parameters:a case study of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata natural mixed forest in Xiaolong Mountains, Gansu Province of northwestern China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41(4):21-31.
• [12]孔令红.金沟岭林场次生林结构研究[D].北京：北京林业大学,2007.Kong L H. Study on structure of secondery forest in Jingouling Forest Farm[D]. Beijing:Beijing Forestry University, 2007.
• [13]周宁.金沟岭林场二十年检查法实验效果分析研究[D].北京：北京林业大学, 2011.Zhou N. Research of effects of control method during two decades in Jingouling Forest Farm[D]. Beijing:Beijing Forestry University, 2011.
• [14]蒋桂娟.金沟岭林场云冷杉林健康评价研究[D].北京：北京林业大学, 2012.Jiang G J. Forest health assessment of spruce-fir natural forest in Jingouling Forest Farm[D]. Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2012.
• [15]吴征镒,周浙昆,李德铢,等.世界种子植物科的分布区类型系统[J].云南植物研究, 2003, 25(3):245-257.Wu Z Y, Zhou Z K, Li D Z, et al. The areal-types of the world families of seed plant[J]. Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 2003, 25(3):245-257.
• [16]严兰,谭伟,柴宗政.不同龄组柳杉人工林林分结构分析[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 48(3):316-324.Yan L, Tan W, Chai Z Z. Analysis of the spatial structure of Cryptomeria fortunei plantation under different ages[J]. Journal of Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University(Natural Science Edition), 2019, 48(3):316-324.
• [17]张连金,赖光辉,封焕英,等.京西油松生态公益林空间结构评价[J].生态学杂志, 2018, 37(5):1316-1325.Zhang L J, Lai G H, Feng H Y, et al. Evaluation of the stand spatial structure of Pinus tabuliformis ecological forest in west Beijing[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2018, 37(5):1316-1325.
• [18]胡艳波,惠刚盈,戚继忠,等.吉林蛟河天然红松阔叶林的空间结构分析[J].林业科学研究, 2003, 16(5):523-530.Hu Y B, Hui G Y, Qi J Z, et al. Analysis of the spatial structure of natural Korean pine broadleaved forest[J]. Forest Research, 2003,16(5):523-530.
• [19]惠刚盈, von Gadow K,胡艳波.林分空间结构参数角尺度的标准角选择[J].林业科学研究, 2004, 17(6):687-692.Hui G Y, von Gadow K, Hu Y B, et al. The optimum standard angle of the uniform angle index[J]. Forest Research, 2004,17(6):687-692.
• [20]郑丽凤,周新年,江希钿,等.松阔混交林林分空间结构分析[J].热带亚热带植物学报, 2006, 15(4):275-280.Zheng L F, Zhou X N, Jiang X D, et al. Analysis of the stand spatial structure of Pinus massoniana broadleaved mixed forest[J]. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany, 2006,15(4):275-280.
• [21]惠刚盈,胡艳波.混交林树种空间隔离程度表达方式的研究[J].林业科学研究, 2001, 14(1):23-27.Hui G Y, Hu Y B. Measuring species spatial isolation in mixed forests[J]. Forest Research, 2001, 14(1):23-27.
• [22]惠刚盈,李丽,赵中华,等.林木空间分布格局分析方法[J].生态学报, 2007, 27(11):4717-4728.Hui G Y, Li L, Zhao Z H, et al. The comparison of methods in analysis of the tree spatial distribution pattern[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007, 27(11):4717-4728.
• [23]惠刚盈.角尺度:一个描述林木个体分布格局的结构参数[J].林业科学, 1999, 45(1):39-44.Hui G Y. The neighborhood pattern:a new structure parameter for describing distribution of forest tree position[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 1999, 45(1):39-44.
• [24]惠刚盈, von Gadow K, Matthias A.一个新的林分空间结构参数:大小比数[J].林业科学研究, 1999, 12(1):4-9.Hui G Y, von Gadow K, Matthias A. A new parameter for stand spatial structure neighbourhood comparison[J]. Forest Research,1999, 12(1):4-9.
• [25]胡艳波,惠刚盈.基于相邻木关系的林木密集程度表达方式研究[J].北京林业大学学报, 2015, 37(9):1-8.Hu Y B, Hui G Y. How to describe the crowding degree of trees based on the relationship of neighboring trees[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2015, 37(9):1-8.
• [26]柴宗政.基于相邻木关系的森林空间结构量化评价及R语言编程实现[D].杨凌：西北农林科技大学, 2016.Chai Z Z. Quantitative evaluation and R programming of forest spatial structure based on the relationship of neighborhood trees[D]. Yangling:Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University of Science and Technology, 2016.
• [27]张曼,高兴九,孙海静,等.冀北山地杨桦次生林不同林层的空间结构特征[J].东北林业大学学报, 2014, 42(9):33-38.Zhang M, Gao X J, Sun H J, et al. Spatial structure characteristic of different storey in secondary poplar-birth forest in the mountainous regions of northern Hebei[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2014, 42(9):33-38.
• [28]黄龙生,李永宁,冯楷斌,等.冀北山地杨桦次生林林分空间结构研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报, 2015, 35(1):50-55.Huang L S, Li Y N, Feng K B, et al. Studies on structure characteristics of secondary poplar-birch forest in mountainous regions of north Hebei Province[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology, 2015, 35(1):50-55.
• [29]周君璞,宁杨翠,郑小贤.金沟岭林场杨-桦次生林空间结构研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报, 2013, 33(8):74-78.Zhou J P, Ning Y C, Zheng X X, et al. Study on spatial structure of poplar-birch secondary forest in Jingouling Forest Farm[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2013, 33(8):74-78.
• [30]霍艳玲.桃山林场杨桦次生林空间结构对生长的影响[D].保定：河北农业大学, 2014.Huo Y L. Effects of spatial structure on growth of poplar-birch secondery forest in Taoshan Forest Farm[D]. Baoding:Agricultural University of Hebei, 2014.
• [31]贺燕,张青,张梦弢,等.长白山杨桦次生林不同演替阶段林木空间分布格局研究[J].西北林学院学报, 2015, 30(1):8-13.He Y, Zhang Q, Zhang M T, et al. Spatial distribution patterns of poplar-birch secondery forest in different succession process stages in Changbai Mountain[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2015, 30(1):8-13.
• [32]龚直文,亢新刚,顾丽,等.长白山杨桦次生林生长过程与演替动向分析[J].林业科学研究, 2009, 22(3):379-384.Gong Z W, Kang X G, Gu L, et al. Growth process and succession trend of poplar-birch secondary forests in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China[J]. Forest Research, 2009, 22(3):379-384.
• [33]刘兵兵,张波,赵鹏武,等.林窗对大兴安岭南段杨桦次生林林下物种多样性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 85(4):1-10.Liu B B, Zhang B, Zhao P W, et al. Effects of forest gap on understory species diversity of poplar-birch secondery forests in southern section of the Da Xing’an Mountains[J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition), 2020,85(4):1-10.
• [34]王金成.杨桦次生林林下人工更新树种的选择[J].安徽农学通报, 2020, 26(1):50-51.Wang J C. Selection of artificial regeneration tree species under poplar-birch secondery forests[J]. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 26(1):50-51.
• [35]赵华晨,高菲,李斯雯,等.长白山阔叶红松林和杨桦次生林土壤有机碳氮的协同积累特征[J].应用生态学报, 2019, 30(5):1615-1624.Zhao H C, Gao F, Li S W, et al. Co-accumulation characters of soil organic carbon and nitrogen under broadleaved Korean pine and Betula platyphylla secondary forests in Changbai Mountain,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(5):1615-1624.
• [36]李斯雯,赵华晨,高菲,等.长白山两种森林类型土壤有机碳库及其剖面分布特征[J].温带林业研究, 2019, 2(2):7-10.Li S W, Zhao H C, Gao F, et al. Soil organic carbon pools and profile distribution under broadleaved Korean pine forest and Betula platyphylla secondary forests in Changbai Mountain[J].Journal of Temperate Forestry Research, 2019, 2(2):7-10.
• [37]宁杨翠.长白山杨桦次生林健康评价与经营模式[D].北京:北京林业大学, 2011.Ning Y C. Poplar-birch secondary forest health assessment and management mode in Changbai Mountain[D]. Beijing:Beijing Forestry University, 2011.